繁體中文 · IPIP-NEO-120 · Research data – Test de personnalité Big Five

About the translation

Adapted published translation

Published translators: Zhongyang Xu, Jing Qian, Kunning Chen, Lianxin Zhu, Jianlong Ao.

Source: IPIP-NEO-120.

The wording has been adapted from the published translation.

Version used in the statistics

Translation: 3cf692ef67c6 · Item bank: c30f08fad2a4

Sample and reliability

Results99

Valid98

Used in analysis98

The 120-item test, current translation and item bank, since 23 October 2026. “Valid” means responses passed the automatic quality filters.

The five personality traits
Trait	Mean ? Mean sum of 24 scored responses. The scale ranges from 24 to 120.	Standard deviation ? Standard deviation describes how scores vary around the mean. Calculated with n − 1 in the denominator.	Cronbach α ? Cronbach’s alpha describes internal consistency: k/(k − 1) × (1 − sum of item variances / total-score variance). k is 24 for traits and 4 for facets. Alpha depends on item count and sample; it does not establish translation quality on its own.
Openness To Experience	83.78	10.61	0.81
Conscientiousness	80.11	13.29	0.9
Extraversion	67.4	12.34	0.87
Agreeableness	84.29	10.57	0.82
Neuroticism	74.8	15.21	0.91

Trait scores range from 24 to 120. Alpha describes internal consistency in this sample; it does not establish translation quality on its own.

Reliability for all 30 facets

Cronbach’s alpha by facet
Trait	Facet	α ? Cronbach’s alpha describes internal consistency: k/(k − 1) × (1 − sum of item variances / total-score variance). k is 24 for traits and 4 for facets. Alpha depends on item count and sample; it does not establish translation quality on its own.
Openness To Experience	Imagination	0.76
Openness To Experience	Artistic Interests	0.7
Openness To Experience	Emotionality	0.56
Openness To Experience	Adventurousness	0.58
Openness To Experience	Intellect	0.71
Openness To Experience	Liberalism	0.22
Conscientiousness	Self-Efficacy	0.75
Conscientiousness	Orderliness	0.82
Conscientiousness	Dutifulness	0.47
Conscientiousness	Achievement-Striving	0.77
Conscientiousness	Self-Discipline	0.74
Conscientiousness	Cautiousness	0.81
Extraversion	Friendliness	0.8
Extraversion	Gregariousness	0.78
Extraversion	Assertiveness	0.85
Extraversion	Activity Level	0.39
Extraversion	Excitement-Seeking	0.73
Extraversion	Cheerfulness	0.75
Agreeableness	Trust	0.82
Agreeableness	Morality	0.76
Agreeableness	Altruism	0.78
Agreeableness	Cooperation	0.36
Agreeableness	Modesty	0.74
Agreeableness	Sympathy	0.53
Neuroticism	Anxiety	0.83
Neuroticism	Anger	0.85
Neuroticism	Depression	0.87
Neuroticism	Self-Consciousness	0.58
Neuroticism	Immoderation	0.77
Neuroticism	Vulnerability	0.75

Each facet has four statements. Alpha also depends on the number of items and the breadth of what they measure.

Correlations between traits

Pearson’s r describes how traits vary together in the sample: from −1 (opposite directions) to +1 (same direction). A value near 0 means little linear association.

Correlation matrix · Pearson’s r
Trait	Openness To Experience	Conscientiousness	Extraversion	Agreeableness	Neuroticism
Openness To Experience	1	0.04	0.19	-0.03	-0.12
Conscientiousness	0.04	1	0.24	0.23	-0.58
Extraversion	0.19	0.24	1	-0.16	-0.47
Agreeableness	-0.03	0.23	-0.16	1	-0.04
Neuroticism	-0.12	-0.58	-0.47	-0.04	1

Correlation does not imply causation. A dash means the value cannot be calculated, for example when everyone has the same score.

The 120 statements

Response options, from left to right: 非常不準確 · 不太準確 · 適中 · 比較準確 · 非常準確

Means use scores from 1 to 5, with reverse-keyed items reversed. r is the correlation with the sum of the other three items in the same facet. Low or negative values invite investigation; they do not prove a translation error.

Responses in analysis · 繁體中文: 98
English analysis sample: 2,388
Calculated: 25 Oct 2026, 05:30 UTC
Sample: All valid, complete responses
Download: CSV · Method

Show statements, original wording and statistics

Search both languages or item numberTraitFacetShow highlighted statements only

Showing 120 of 120 statements.

Click Mean or r to sort. Click again to reverse the order, or # for test order. Missing values always appear last.

Statements and statistics
	繁體中文	English original	Facet	Scoring	? Mean scored response, from 1 to 5. Reverse-keyed items are reversed before calculation.	? Corrected item–facet correlation: Pearson’s r between this item and the sum of the other three items in its facet. Low or negative r may warrant review. Below the value is a 95% confidence interval; if it overlaps 0.2 or the value before a change, the difference is uncertain. A dash means the correlation is unavailable or undefined.	Feedback
1△	為很多事情感到擔心	Worry about things	Anxiety	1 → 5	3.53	0.630.49 to 0.74	Suggest a change
2△	很容易交到朋友	Make friends easily	Friendliness	1 → 5	2.89	0.650.52 to 0.75	Suggest a change
3	有豐富的想像力	Have a vivid imagination	Imagination	1 → 5	3.9	0.580.43 to 0.7	Suggest a change
4	信任其他人	Trust others	Trust	1 → 5	2.97	0.740.63 to 0.82	Suggest a change
5	能成功完成任務	Complete tasks successfully	Self-Efficacy	1 → 5	3.78	0.570.42 to 0.69	Suggest a change
6	很容易生氣	Get angry easily	Anger	1 → 5	2.97	0.780.69 to 0.85	Suggest a change
7△	喜歡參加大型聚會	Love large parties	Gregariousness	1 → 5	2.07	0.750.65 to 0.83	Suggest a change
8	認為藝術是很重要的	Believe in the importance of art	Artistic Interests	1 → 5	4.13	0.60.46 to 0.71	Suggest a change
9△	會利用他人來達成自己的目的	Use others for my own ends	Morality	Reversed	3.19	0.530.37 to 0.66	Suggest a change
10	喜歡整潔	Like to tidy up	Orderliness	1 → 5	3.4	0.620.48 to 0.73	Suggest a change
11	時常感到憂鬱	Often feel blue	Depression	1 → 5	3.32	0.690.57 to 0.78	Suggest a change
12△	主動掌控局面	Take charge	Assertiveness	1 → 5	3.2	0.770.67 to 0.84	Suggest a change
13	能強烈感受到自己的情緒	Experience my emotions intensely	Emotionality	1 → 5	4.06	0.410.23 to 0.56	Suggest a change
14△	樂於幫助他人	Love to help others	Altruism	1 → 5	3.68	0.540.38 to 0.67	Suggest a change
15	信守承諾	Keep my promises	Dutifulness	1 → 5	4.04	0.480.31 to 0.62	Suggest a change
16△	感覺自己很難接近別人	Find it difficult to approach others	Self-Consciousness	1 → 5	3.46	0.430.25 to 0.58	Suggest a change
17	總是很忙碌	Am always busy	Activity Level	1 → 5	3.11	0.40.22 to 0.55	Suggest a change
18	相比墨守成規,我更喜歡有變化。	Prefer variety to routine	Adventurousness	1 → 5	3.45	0.380.2 to 0.54	Suggest a change
19△	喜歡和別人比試	Love a good fight	Cooperation	Reversed	3.1	0.1△-0.1 to 0.29	Suggest a change
20△	工作努力	Work hard	Achievement-Striving	1 → 5	3.44	0.580.43 to 0.7	Suggest a change
21	大吃大喝尋歡作樂	Go on binges	Immoderation	1 → 5	2.82	0.50.33 to 0.64	Suggest a change
22△	喜歡追求刺激	Love excitement	Excitement-Seeking	1 → 5	3.17	0.620.48 to 0.73	Suggest a change
23	喜歡閱讀有挑戰性的材料	Love to read challenging material	Intellect	1 → 5	3.17	0.320.13 to 0.49	Suggest a change
24△	相信自己比別人更好	Believe that I am better than others	Modesty	Reversed	3.04	0.510.35 to 0.64	Suggest a change
25	我總是有所準備	Am always prepared	Self-Discipline	1 → 5	3.17	0.450.28 to 0.6	Suggest a change
26△	容易慌張	Panic easily	Vulnerability	1 → 5	3.39	0.660.53 to 0.76	Suggest a change
27	我的快樂會感染周圍的人	Radiate joy	Cheerfulness	1 → 5	3.33	0.340.15 to 0.5	Suggest a change
28△	認為自己在政治方面非常自由開放	View myself as predominantly liberal politically	Liberalism	1 → 5	3.76	0.11△-0.09 to 0.3	Suggest a change
29△	同情流浪漢	Sympathize with the homeless	Sympathy	1 → 5	2.77	0.390.21 to 0.55	Suggest a change
30	會不經過思考就開始行動	Jump into things without thinking	Cautiousness	Reversed	3.41	0.70.58 to 0.79	Suggest a change
31△	擔心會發生最糟糕的情況	Fear for the worst	Anxiety	1 → 5	3.91	0.630.49 to 0.74	Suggest a change
32△	和其他人待在一起時,我覺得很自在	Feel comfortable around people	Friendliness	1 → 5	2.77	0.570.42 to 0.69	Suggest a change
33	喜歡天馬行空地幻想	Enjoy wild flights of fantasy	Imagination	1 → 5	3.7	0.790.7 to 0.85	Suggest a change
34	相信他人的出發點是好的	Believe that others have good intentions	Trust	1 → 5	3.17	0.580.43 to 0.7	Suggest a change
35△	在自己所從事的領域出類拔萃	Excel in what I do	Self-Efficacy	1 → 5	3.2	0.50.33 to 0.64	Suggest a change
36△	容易被激怒	Get irritated easily	Anger	1 → 5	2.57	0.740.63 to 0.82	Suggest a change
37	在聚會上,我會和很多不同的人交談	Talk to a lot of different people at parties	Gregariousness	1 → 5	2.38	0.60.46 to 0.71	Suggest a change
38	我能發現別人看不到的美	See beauty in things that others might not notice	Artistic Interests	1 → 5	3.69	0.40.22 to 0.55	Suggest a change
39△	為了領先別人,我會採用作弊的方式	Cheat to get ahead	Morality	Reversed	4.12	0.560.41 to 0.68	Suggest a change
40	經常忘記把東西放回原處	Often forget to put things back in their proper place	Orderliness	Reversed	3.03	0.560.41 to 0.68	Suggest a change
41△	不喜歡自己	Dislike myself	Depression	1 → 5	2.89	0.770.67 to 0.84	Suggest a change
42	我會嘗試去領導他人	Try to lead others	Assertiveness	1 → 5	3.14	0.620.48 to 0.73	Suggest a change
43	能感受到他人的情緒	Feel others' emotions	Emotionality	1 → 5	4.07	0.440.26 to 0.59	Suggest a change
44△	關心他人	Am concerned about others	Altruism	1 → 5	3.68	0.670.54 to 0.77	Suggest a change
45△	我會實話實說	Tell the truth	Dutifulness	1 → 5	3.61	0.07△-0.13 to 0.26	Suggest a change
46	害怕引起他人的注意	Am afraid to draw attention to myself	Self-Consciousness	1 → 5	3.45	0.470.3 to 0.61	Suggest a change
47△	總是在奔波	Am always on the go	Activity Level	1 → 5	2.82	0.350.16 to 0.51	Suggest a change
48△	我更喜歡做自己熟悉的事情	Prefer to stick with things that I know	Adventurousness	Reversed	1.89	0.350.16 to 0.51	Suggest a change
49△	會沖人大喊大叫	Yell at people	Cooperation	Reversed	4.15	0.03△-0.17 to 0.23	Suggest a change
50△	我會超出預期地完成任務或工作	Do more than what's expected of me	Achievement-Striving	1 → 5	3.22	0.480.31 to 0.62	Suggest a change
51	很少過度放縱自己	Rarely overindulge	Immoderation	Reversed	3.09	0.610.47 to 0.72	Suggest a change
52△	喜歡冒險	Seek adventure	Excitement-Seeking	1 → 5	3.05	0.50.33 to 0.64	Suggest a change
53	會避免參與關於哲學的討論	Avoid philosophical discussions	Intellect	Reversed	3.62	0.550.39 to 0.67	Suggest a change
54△	覺得自己很了不起	Think highly of myself	Modesty	Reversed	3.68	0.710.6 to 0.8	Suggest a change
55△	能執行自己制定的計劃	Carry out my plans	Self-Discipline	1 → 5	3.27	0.650.52 to 0.75	Suggest a change
56	感到被各種事情壓得喘不過氣來	Become overwhelmed by events	Vulnerability	1 → 5	3.31	0.60.46 to 0.71	Suggest a change
57△	我的生活很快樂	Have a lot of fun	Cheerfulness	1 → 5	3.3	0.550.39 to 0.67	Suggest a change
58△	相信沒有絕對的對錯之分	Believe that there is no absolute right and wrong	Liberalism	1 → 5	4.11	0.03△-0.17 to 0.23	Suggest a change
59△	我同情那些處境不如自己的人	Feel sympathy for those who are worse off than myself	Sympathy	1 → 5	3.15	0.380.2 to 0.54	Suggest a change
60	會做出草率的決定	Make rash decisions	Cautiousness	Reversed	3.11	0.730.62 to 0.81	Suggest a change
61△	對很多事情感到害怕	Am afraid of many things	Anxiety	1 → 5	3.38	0.780.69 to 0.85	Suggest a change
62△	避免和他人接觸	Avoid contacts with others	Friendliness	Reversed	2.93	0.690.57 to 0.78	Suggest a change
63	喜歡做白日夢	Love to daydream	Imagination	1 → 5	3.31	0.520.36 to 0.65	Suggest a change
64	相信他人說的話	Trust what people say	Trust	1 → 5	3.21	0.640.51 to 0.74	Suggest a change
65△	能輕鬆完成任務	Handle tasks smoothly	Self-Efficacy	1 → 5	3.18	0.610.47 to 0.72	Suggest a change
66	發脾氣	Lose my temper	Anger	1 → 5	2.55	0.690.57 to 0.78	Suggest a change
67△	更喜歡一個人獨處	Prefer to be alone	Gregariousness	Reversed	2.12	0.440.26 to 0.59	Suggest a change
68	不喜歡詩歌	Do not like poetry	Artistic Interests	Reversed	3.39	0.420.24 to 0.57	Suggest a change
69△	佔別人的便宜	Take advantage of others	Morality	Reversed	3.85	0.590.44 to 0.71	Suggest a change
70	我的房間很亂	Leave a mess in my room	Orderliness	Reversed	2.89	0.690.57 to 0.78	Suggest a change
71△	經常情緒低落	Am often down in the dumps	Depression	1 → 5	3.05	0.780.69 to 0.85	Suggest a change
72△	掌控局面	Take control of things	Assertiveness	1 → 5	3.06	0.760.66 to 0.83	Suggest a change
73	很少察覺到自己的情緒反應	Rarely notice my emotional reactions	Emotionality	Reversed	3.97	0.290.1 to 0.46	Suggest a change
74△	對他人的感受漠不關心	Am indifferent to the feelings of others	Altruism	Reversed	3.92	0.650.52 to 0.75	Suggest a change
75△	破壞規則	Break rules	Dutifulness	Reversed	3.72	0.19△-0.01 to 0.37	Suggest a change
76	只有和朋友在一起的時候我才會感到自在	Only feel comfortable with friends	Self-Consciousness	1 → 5	3.21	0.260.06 to 0.44	Suggest a change
77△	我的閒暇時間非常充實	Do a lot in my spare time	Activity Level	1 → 5	2.96	0.14△-0.06 to 0.33	Suggest a change
78	不喜歡改變	Dislike changes	Adventurousness	Reversed	2.93	0.390.21 to 0.55	Suggest a change
79	侮辱他人	Insult people	Cooperation	Reversed	4.38	0.420.24 to 0.57	Suggest a change
80	在工作或學習上,我不會多做,過得去就行	Do just enough work to get by	Achievement-Striving	Reversed	3.08	0.670.54 to 0.77	Suggest a change
81	能輕鬆抵禦誘惑	Easily resist temptations	Immoderation	Reversed	3.22	0.580.43 to 0.7	Suggest a change
82	喜歡不計後果地行事	Enjoy being reckless	Excitement-Seeking	1 → 5	2.21	0.430.25 to 0.58	Suggest a change
83	理解抽象概念對我來說有些困難	Have difficulty understanding abstract ideas	Intellect	Reversed	3.49	0.580.43 to 0.7	Suggest a change
84△	對自己的評價很高	Have a high opinion of myself	Modesty	Reversed	3.44	0.610.47 to 0.72	Suggest a change
85	浪費時間	Waste my time	Self-Discipline	Reversed	2.8	0.540.38 to 0.67	Suggest a change
86	感覺自己處理事情力不從心	Feel that I'm unable to deal with things	Vulnerability	1 → 5	2.94	0.480.31 to 0.62	Suggest a change
87△	熱愛生活	Love life	Cheerfulness	1 → 5	3.18	0.650.52 to 0.75	Suggest a change
88	我在政治上比較保守	View myself as predominantly conservative politically	Liberalism	Reversed	3.37	0.20 to 0.38	Suggest a change
89△	對別人遇到的麻煩事不感興趣	Am not interested in other people's problems	Sympathy	Reversed	3.11	0.210.01 to 0.39	Suggest a change
90	倉促行事	Rush into things	Cautiousness	Reversed	3.4	0.520.36 to 0.65	Suggest a change
91	我很容易覺得壓力大	Get stressed out easily	Anxiety	1 → 5	3.41	0.590.44 to 0.71	Suggest a change
92△	和他人保持距離	Keep others at a distance	Friendliness	Reversed	2.49	0.570.42 to 0.69	Suggest a change
93	喜歡陷入沉思	Like to get lost in thought	Imagination	1 → 5	3.68	0.410.23 to 0.56	Suggest a change
94	不相信別人	Distrust people	Trust	Reversed	3.06	0.660.53 to 0.76	Suggest a change
95	知道如何完成任務	Know how to get things done	Self-Efficacy	1 → 5	3.7	0.510.35 to 0.64	Suggest a change
96△	不會輕易被惹惱	Am not easily annoyed	Anger	Reversed	2.58	0.570.42 to 0.69	Suggest a change
97△	避開人多的地方	Avoid crowds	Gregariousness	Reversed	2.11	0.570.42 to 0.69	Suggest a change
98	不喜歡去美術館	Do not enjoy going to art museums	Artistic Interests	Reversed	3.68	0.580.43 to 0.7	Suggest a change
99	給別人使壞	Obstruct others' plans	Morality	Reversed	3.91	0.570.42 to 0.69	Suggest a change
100△	我的東西放得到處都是	Leave my belongings around	Orderliness	Reversed	2.91	0.730.62 to 0.81	Suggest a change
101△	對自己感到滿意	Feel comfortable with myself	Depression	Reversed	2.96	0.630.49 to 0.74	Suggest a change
102△	等著別人來帶頭	Wait for others to lead the way	Assertiveness	Reversed	2.73	0.610.47 to 0.72	Suggest a change
103△	不理解那些情緒化的人	Don't understand people who get emotional	Emotionality	Reversed	3.21	0.270.08 to 0.44	Suggest a change
104△	不願為他人花費時間	Take no time for others	Altruism	Reversed	3.55	0.520.36 to 0.65	Suggest a change
105	違背自己的承諾	Break my promises	Dutifulness	Reversed	3.98	0.40.22 to 0.55	Suggest a change
106	不會被複雜的社交情境所困擾	Am not bothered by difficult social situations	Self-Consciousness	Reversed	3.28	0.320.13 to 0.49	Suggest a change
107△	喜歡慢慢來	Like to take it easy	Activity Level	Reversed	2.57	0△-0.2 to 0.2	Suggest a change
108	我喜歡傳統的方式	Am attached to conventional ways	Adventurousness	Reversed	3.22	0.350.16 to 0.51	Suggest a change
109	報復別人	Get back at others	Cooperation	Reversed	3.79	0.270.08 to 0.44	Suggest a change
110△	對工作或學業不怎麼投入時間和精力	Put little time and effort into my work	Achievement-Striving	Reversed	3.38	0.550.39 to 0.67	Suggest a change
111	可以控制自己的慾望	Am able to control my cravings	Immoderation	Reversed	2.9	0.590.44 to 0.71	Suggest a change
112	我的行為狂放不羈	Act wild and crazy	Excitement-Seeking	1 → 5	2.1	0.540.38 to 0.67	Suggest a change
113	對理論性的討論不感興趣	Am not interested in theoretical discussions	Intellect	Reversed	3.96	0.560.41 to 0.68	Suggest a change
114	吹噓自己的美德	Boast about my virtues	Modesty	Reversed	4.1	0.330.14 to 0.5	Suggest a change
115△	拖很久才開始做一件事	Have difficulty starting tasks	Self-Discipline	Reversed	2.47	0.520.36 to 0.65	Suggest a change
116	在壓力下能保持冷靜	Remain calm under pressure	Vulnerability	Reversed	2.62	0.440.26 to 0.59	Suggest a change
117	看到生活中好的一面	Look at the bright side of life	Cheerfulness	1 → 5	3.69	0.660.53 to 0.76	Suggest a change
118△	認為我們應該嚴懲犯罪	Believe that we should be tough on crime	Liberalism	Reversed	2	0.08△-0.12 to 0.27	Suggest a change
119△	我儘量不去想那些需要幫助的人	Try not to think about the needy	Sympathy	Reversed	3.24	0.280.09 to 0.45	Suggest a change
120	做事不經過思考	Act without thinking	Cautiousness	Reversed	3.92	0.580.43 to 0.7	Suggest a change

△ Yellow: 0 ≤ r < 0.2! Red: r < 0

Below r is a 95% confidence interval. The fewer responses, the wider it is: at 50 responses it is about ±0.27.

△ in the first column marks statements with r below 0.2 or a difference from English of at least 0.4 (Difference or Beyond facet). The filter “Show highlighted statements only” lists them.

Statements taking the longest to answer

Click a statement to find it in the main table.

Mean response time
Statement	Seconds	n
對別人遇到的麻煩事不感興趣	7.18	98
我儘量不去想那些需要幫助的人	6.76	98
不會被複雜的社交情境所困擾	6.08	98
在工作或學習上,我不會多做,過得去就行	6.05	98
會利用他人來達成自己的目的	5.69	98
很容易交到朋友	5.56	98
理解抽象概念對我來說有些困難	5.27	98
擔心會發生最糟糕的情況	5.21	98

The first statement is excluded. Times above 30 seconds per item are capped at 30 seconds.

Compared with English

The eight largest differences beyond the facet. Click a statement to find it in the main table. All 120 are in the CSV file.

Click a numeric column to sort. Difference, Facet and Beyond facet sort by absolute size, bringing large negative and positive differences together.

Largest differences beyond the facet
	Statement	? Mean scored response, from 1 to 5. Reverse-keyed items are reversed before calculation.	? Mean scored response in the English analysis sample. These are separate responses, not paired responses from the same people in two languages.	? Mean minus English. Positive means a higher score in this language; negative means lower. Differences may reflect wording as well as sample composition.	? The difference between languages in the mean score per item across the whole four-item facet. Provides context for interpreting one item’s difference.	? Difference minus Facet. Example: 0.7 − 0.2 = 0.5. Shows how much the item differs beyond the facet’s mean difference; it does not prove a translation error.
24	相信自己比別人更好	3.04	3.37	-0.33	+0.39	-0.72!
103	不理解那些情緒化的人	3.21	3.92	-0.7!	0	-0.71!
58	相信沒有絕對的對錯之分	4.11	3.17	+0.94!	+0.28	+0.66!
118	認為我們應該嚴懲犯罪	2	2.36	-0.36	+0.28	-0.64!
48	我更喜歡做自己熟悉的事情	1.89	2.52	-0.63!	-0.1	-0.53△
54	覺得自己很了不起	3.68	2.77	+0.91!	+0.39	+0.52△
1	為很多事情感到擔心	3.53	3.76	-0.23	+0.24	-0.47△
107	喜歡慢慢來	2.57	2.42	+0.15	-0.29	+0.44△

△ Yellow: absolute differences from 0.4 to below 0.6! Red: absolute differences from 0.6

Colors are review cues, not thresholds for statistical significance.

“Difference” is Mean minus English. “Facet” is the difference between languages in the mean score per item for the whole facet. “Beyond facet” is Difference minus Facet. Differences may reflect wording, culture or who took the test. This is not a test of measurement invariance.

Change history

Every change to the wording is recorded here, with the reason. Each change creates a new text version, and the statistics above count only responses to the current version.

23 October 2026 · 1 change · 3cf692ef67c6 · current version
“Take charge” had become “take responsibility”.
Show changed wording
Changed wording
# Before After
12 承擔責任主動掌控局面
Before and after the change
Previous version 8514b047acef: n = 15 · Current version: n = 98
The previous version has too few responses for a comparison (at least 30).
Below r is a 95% confidence interval. The two versions were answered by different people. If the intervals overlap, the difference may be chance. Wait to draw conclusions until both versions have at least 50 responses, preferably several hundred.

Changed wording
#	Before	After
12	承擔責任	主動掌控局面

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About: 繁體中文 · IPIP-NEO-120

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How the statistics are calculated

Each day, up to 20,000 of the latest valid 120-item results across all languages are used. The sample is grouped by the actual question language. Only complete responses to the current translation and item bank are included. Totals above count all results on this version since collection began, including those outside the analysis sample.

Quality filters exclude development and test responses, very fast responses and responses with very little variation. Repeat attempts may be included. Visitors choose to take the test; this is not a representative population sample or language-specific norms.

Only aggregate statistics are published here. Individual responses and background details are not shown. Small samples give uncertain estimates; the thresholds of 30 and 50 are display thresholds, not validation of a translation.

Download

The aggregate numbers for all 120 statements, with item ID, text version, sample size and the comparison with English, can be downloaded for further study. The method description explains each column.

Download CSV (items.csv)Method description and column definitions (README.txt)

The files update with each daily calculation. Cite the calculation date and the version codes from the file when quoting the numbers.